FASD – Fact Sheet

What is Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder?

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a group of developmental disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. Children with FASDs can have learning, behavior, and thinking difficulties that last a lifetime.  

How many children are affected?

About 1 in 20 children (5%) have an FASD in the United States. Most children with prenatal alcohol exposure do not get correctly diagnosed with an FASD. 

What critical programs ensure care?

  • Medicaid supports physical health and mental health care for about half of all children with special healthcare needs like FASD. 
  • Public schools provide critical educational supports via the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and accommodations through Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.  
  • FASD Respect Act of 2025 helps people with FASD and their families access programs and support services and provides education and awareness about prenatal alcohol exposure. 

What does the evidence say?

  • There is no safe amount of alcohol to drink during pregnancy. Exposure to alcohol before birth can damage the brain and other organs of the unborn child.  
  • Only 20% of children with FASDs are diagnosed and receive the services they need.  
  • Early diagnosis and treatment can improve life outcomes for people with FASDs. Giving children the support they need helps them reach their full potential and reduces long-term healthcare costs. 

Sources & Additional Resources

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